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Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density

Received: 20 September 2016     Accepted: 6 October 2016     Published: 17 December 2016
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Abstract

Objectives: The rheumatoid factor (RF), like any antibody, may encounter in the body an antigenic specificity. It will then bind to an antigen by cross-reaction or an already formed immune complex. In this context, the RF may impede reactions of diagnosis with immunological principle (antigen-antibody reaction). The rheumatoid factor as well as anti-animal antibodies also reacts with the Fc portion of animal or human IgG of kits of reagents leading to false positive or false negative results. That’s the reason why we wanted to have more information about its levels and its association with gender, age and parasite density in children with falciparum malaria. Methodology: It was a prospective study about 130 children of both sexes (M / F: 73/57; mean age: 4.78 ± 3.48 years), suffering from falciparum malaria and aged from 0 to 15 years old. Those children have been included in pediatric services of the University Hospital Center of Cocody and the General Hospital of Kumasi, both, in Abidjan. Venous blood samples were collected on EDTA for blood cells count, parasite densities, and identification of Plasmodium falciparum. The other blood samples collected without EDTA were used to measure Rheumatoid Factor levels. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films were analyzed by microscope for plasmodium species and parasite density. Hematological parameters were determined using hematology cell counter (Sysmex KX-21N). Slide agglutination test (RF-latex) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of Rheumatoid Factor. Statistical analysis was carried out on a computer using Excel 2007 and Statistica 7.1. For all test p-value <0.05 below was considered significant. Results: During falciparum malaria, 30% of children in this study produced RF. The mean level of RF observed in children under 5 years was higher than those whose age was ≥ 5 years but statically not significant (p = 0.07). We also found in children whose age was ≥ 5 years, negative correlation between the level of RF and parasite density, which was stronger than those under 5 years (R = - 0.53, p = 0.006 vs R = - 0.23 p = 0.013). Most of children secreting Rheumatoid Factor were males (69.23%) and had more risk than females (OR = 3.35). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of children in falciparum malaria secreted RF. This autoantibody was associated with gender, age and parasite density.

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11
Page(s) 46-51
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Falciparum Malaria, Rheumatoid Factor, Children

References
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[17] KANAKIA Health Express Reference ranges for leucocyte count in children. February 2006; Vol. 2 N° 6.
[18] Sombo MF, Dassé SR,Akré DP, N'guessan K,Sangaré MA Fréquence du facteur rhumatoïde chez les sujets sains vivant dans une zone d'endémie palustre.Rev. Int. Sc. Méd. 2006, 8; 2:13-17.
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    Hien Sansan, Yeboah Oppong Richard, N'Guessan Koffi, Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine, Adou Honoré, et al. (2016). Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density. International Journal of Immunology, 4(6), 46-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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    ACS Style

    Hien Sansan; Yeboah Oppong Richard; N'Guessan Koffi; Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine; Adou Honoré, et al. Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density. Int. J. Immunol. 2016, 4(6), 46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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    AMA Style

    Hien Sansan, Yeboah Oppong Richard, N'Guessan Koffi, Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine, Adou Honoré, et al. Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density. Int J Immunol. 2016;4(6):46-51. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11,
      author = {Hien Sansan and Yeboah Oppong Richard and N'Guessan Koffi and Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine and Adou Honoré and Dassé Sery Romuald},
      title = {Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density},
      journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {46-51},
      doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20160406.11},
      abstract = {Objectives: The rheumatoid factor (RF), like any antibody, may encounter in the body an antigenic specificity. It will then bind to an antigen by cross-reaction or an already formed immune complex. In this context, the RF may impede reactions of diagnosis with immunological principle (antigen-antibody reaction). The rheumatoid factor as well as anti-animal antibodies also reacts with the Fc portion of animal or human IgG of kits of reagents leading to false positive or false negative results. That’s the reason why we wanted to have more information about its levels and its association with gender, age and parasite density in children with falciparum malaria. Methodology: It was a prospective study about 130 children of both sexes (M / F: 73/57; mean age: 4.78 ± 3.48 years), suffering from falciparum malaria and aged from 0 to 15 years old. Those children have been included in pediatric services of the University Hospital Center of Cocody and the General Hospital of Kumasi, both, in Abidjan. Venous blood samples were collected on EDTA for blood cells count, parasite densities, and identification of Plasmodium falciparum. The other blood samples collected without EDTA were used to measure Rheumatoid Factor levels. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films were analyzed by microscope for plasmodium species and parasite density. Hematological parameters were determined using hematology cell counter (Sysmex KX-21N). Slide agglutination test (RF-latex) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of Rheumatoid Factor. Statistical analysis was carried out on a computer using Excel 2007 and Statistica 7.1. For all test p-value Results: During falciparum malaria, 30% of children in this study produced RF. The mean level of RF observed in children under 5 years was higher than those whose age was ≥ 5 years but statically not significant (p = 0.07). We also found in children whose age was ≥ 5 years, negative correlation between the level of RF and parasite density, which was stronger than those under 5 years (R = - 0.53, p = 0.006 vs R = - 0.23 p = 0.013). Most of children secreting Rheumatoid Factor were males (69.23%) and had more risk than females (OR = 3.35). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of children in falciparum malaria secreted RF. This autoantibody was associated with gender, age and parasite density.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Levels of Rheumatoid Factor in Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria in Children and Its Association with Gender, Age and Parasite Density
    AU  - Hien Sansan
    AU  - Yeboah Oppong Richard
    AU  - N'Guessan Koffi
    AU  - Kouacou Amah Patricia Victorine
    AU  - Adou Honoré
    AU  - Dassé Sery Romuald
    Y1  - 2016/12/17
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11
    T2  - International Journal of Immunology
    JF  - International Journal of Immunology
    JO  - International Journal of Immunology
    SP  - 46
    EP  - 51
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-1753
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20160406.11
    AB  - Objectives: The rheumatoid factor (RF), like any antibody, may encounter in the body an antigenic specificity. It will then bind to an antigen by cross-reaction or an already formed immune complex. In this context, the RF may impede reactions of diagnosis with immunological principle (antigen-antibody reaction). The rheumatoid factor as well as anti-animal antibodies also reacts with the Fc portion of animal or human IgG of kits of reagents leading to false positive or false negative results. That’s the reason why we wanted to have more information about its levels and its association with gender, age and parasite density in children with falciparum malaria. Methodology: It was a prospective study about 130 children of both sexes (M / F: 73/57; mean age: 4.78 ± 3.48 years), suffering from falciparum malaria and aged from 0 to 15 years old. Those children have been included in pediatric services of the University Hospital Center of Cocody and the General Hospital of Kumasi, both, in Abidjan. Venous blood samples were collected on EDTA for blood cells count, parasite densities, and identification of Plasmodium falciparum. The other blood samples collected without EDTA were used to measure Rheumatoid Factor levels. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films were analyzed by microscope for plasmodium species and parasite density. Hematological parameters were determined using hematology cell counter (Sysmex KX-21N). Slide agglutination test (RF-latex) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of Rheumatoid Factor. Statistical analysis was carried out on a computer using Excel 2007 and Statistica 7.1. For all test p-value Results: During falciparum malaria, 30% of children in this study produced RF. The mean level of RF observed in children under 5 years was higher than those whose age was ≥ 5 years but statically not significant (p = 0.07). We also found in children whose age was ≥ 5 years, negative correlation between the level of RF and parasite density, which was stronger than those under 5 years (R = - 0.53, p = 0.006 vs R = - 0.23 p = 0.013). Most of children secreting Rheumatoid Factor were males (69.23%) and had more risk than females (OR = 3.35). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of children in falciparum malaria secreted RF. This autoantibody was associated with gender, age and parasite density.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

  • Departement of Hematology-Immunology-Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Félix Houphou?t Boigny University, Abidjan, C?te d’Ivoire

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