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Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria

Received: 4 March 2017     Accepted: 24 March 2017     Published: 9 May 2017
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Abstract

A major challenge in the global Tuberculosis (TB) control is the diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). In the absence of any reference standard test for the diagnosis of LTBI, this study set out to compare the performance of the two current immune-based tests, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon–TB Gold In–Tube (QFT-GIT) ELISA in the diagnosis of LTBI. Two sets of diagnostic results for 196 apparently healthy volunteers from a cross-section of Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria were compared in terms of age, occupation, BCG-vaccination status, prior TST and cigarette smoking history. Overall, 56 (28.6%) and 81 (41.3%) of the subjects were diagnosed with LTBI by the QFT-GIT test and TST respectively. The LTBI prevalence as assessed by the QFT-GIT test was significantly higher among the non-BCG-vaccinated, compared to the BCG-vaccinees (X2=18.79, df=1, p=0.0001). The highest concordance (QFT-GIT+ve/TST+ve) was found in the occupation categories (Ʀ=-0.009, p=0.747) and the highest discordance(QFT-GIT –ve/TST +ve) was with respect to the BCG-vaccination status (Ʀ=-0.194, p=0.046).The disparity in the performance of the two tests is attributable to the high false – positive TST results, which is a direct reflection of high (90.8%) BCG vaccination level among the study population. It is advocated that the two-step testing approach, using the QFT-GIT assay as a confirmatory test for LTBI after initial positive screening by the TST, be introduced into the TB control strategy in TB – laden communities with high BCG vaccination coverage.

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
Page(s) 41-48
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Interferon-gamma Release Assay, Tuberculin Skin Test, Latent Tuberculosis Infection, Immunodiagnostic, Okada

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Benson Olu Akinshipe, Peter Chinedu Ezeani, Kester Awharentomah Digban, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, et al. (2017). Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria. International Journal of Immunology, 5(3), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

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    ACS Style

    Benson Olu Akinshipe; Peter Chinedu Ezeani; Kester Awharentomah Digban; Friday Alfred Ehiaghe; Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, et al. Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria. Int. J. Immunol. 2017, 5(3), 41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

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    AMA Style

    Benson Olu Akinshipe, Peter Chinedu Ezeani, Kester Awharentomah Digban, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, et al. Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria. Int J Immunol. 2017;5(3):41-48. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11,
      author = {Benson Olu Akinshipe and Peter Chinedu Ezeani and Kester Awharentomah Digban and Friday Alfred Ehiaghe and Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji and Joy Imuetinyan Ehiaghe},
      title = {Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
      volume = {5},
      number = {3},
      pages = {41-48},
      doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20170503.11},
      abstract = {A major challenge in the global Tuberculosis (TB) control is the diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). In the absence of any reference standard test for the diagnosis of LTBI, this study set out to compare the performance of the two current immune-based tests, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon–TB Gold In–Tube (QFT-GIT) ELISA in the diagnosis of LTBI. Two sets of diagnostic results for 196 apparently healthy volunteers from a cross-section of Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria were compared in terms of age, occupation, BCG-vaccination status, prior TST and cigarette smoking history. Overall, 56 (28.6%) and 81 (41.3%) of the subjects were diagnosed with LTBI by the QFT-GIT test and TST respectively. The LTBI prevalence as assessed by the QFT-GIT test was significantly higher among the non-BCG-vaccinated, compared to the BCG-vaccinees (X2=18.79, df=1, p=0.0001). The highest concordance (QFT-GIT+ve/TST+ve) was found in the occupation categories (Ʀ=-0.009, p=0.747) and the highest discordance(QFT-GIT –ve/TST +ve) was with respect to the BCG-vaccination status (Ʀ=-0.194, p=0.046).The disparity in the performance of the two tests is attributable to the high false – positive TST results, which is a direct reflection of high (90.8%) BCG vaccination level among the study population. It is advocated that the two-step testing approach, using the QFT-GIT assay as a confirmatory test for LTBI after initial positive screening by the TST, be introduced into the TB control strategy in TB – laden communities with high BCG vaccination coverage.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Immunodiagnostic Potential of an In-Vitro Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Okada Community, Nigeria
    AU  - Benson Olu Akinshipe
    AU  - Peter Chinedu Ezeani
    AU  - Kester Awharentomah Digban
    AU  - Friday Alfred Ehiaghe
    AU  - Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji
    AU  - Joy Imuetinyan Ehiaghe
    Y1  - 2017/05/09
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
    T2  - International Journal of Immunology
    JF  - International Journal of Immunology
    JO  - International Journal of Immunology
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    EP  - 48
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-1753
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20170503.11
    AB  - A major challenge in the global Tuberculosis (TB) control is the diagnosis and treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). In the absence of any reference standard test for the diagnosis of LTBI, this study set out to compare the performance of the two current immune-based tests, Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon–TB Gold In–Tube (QFT-GIT) ELISA in the diagnosis of LTBI. Two sets of diagnostic results for 196 apparently healthy volunteers from a cross-section of Okada Community, Edo State, Nigeria were compared in terms of age, occupation, BCG-vaccination status, prior TST and cigarette smoking history. Overall, 56 (28.6%) and 81 (41.3%) of the subjects were diagnosed with LTBI by the QFT-GIT test and TST respectively. The LTBI prevalence as assessed by the QFT-GIT test was significantly higher among the non-BCG-vaccinated, compared to the BCG-vaccinees (X2=18.79, df=1, p=0.0001). The highest concordance (QFT-GIT+ve/TST+ve) was found in the occupation categories (Ʀ=-0.009, p=0.747) and the highest discordance(QFT-GIT –ve/TST +ve) was with respect to the BCG-vaccination status (Ʀ=-0.194, p=0.046).The disparity in the performance of the two tests is attributable to the high false – positive TST results, which is a direct reflection of high (90.8%) BCG vaccination level among the study population. It is advocated that the two-step testing approach, using the QFT-GIT assay as a confirmatory test for LTBI after initial positive screening by the TST, be introduced into the TB control strategy in TB – laden communities with high BCG vaccination coverage.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Departments of Medical Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University & Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, Nigeria

  • Kamorass Specialist Clinics Laboratories, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria

  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria

  • Department of Hematology, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria

  • Environmental Biology Research Unit, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Lahor Research Laboratory and Medical Centre, Benin City, Nigeria

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